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Acne is also called as acne vulgaris which is most often seen in teenagers. Human skin has tiny pores which connect to grease glands located under the skin. The oil glands are also called as sebaceous glands which contain sebum(oil) used for oiling hair & skin. The sebum carries dead skin cells through the follicles to the surface of the skin. A tiny hair grows through the follicle out of the skin. In the coursework of body's maturity, the glands may tend to become overactive, clogging the pores. Acne is caused when these follicles get blocked, leading to an accumulation of oil under the skin. Then the bacteria develops inside the pores & starts multiplying, causing swelling & redness which ends up in start of acne.
When the body works to kill the bacteria, whiteheads, blackheads, & pustules form in these areas.
Hormones
Acne is most common in teenagers, however anyone can get acne. Hormonal changes cause the skin to be more oily, changes that are related to puberty, menstrual periods, pregnancy, birth control pills, or stress. Acne also tends to be hereditary. Greasy cosmetics, air products & positive drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen, & phenytoin) also addup to acne issue.
Bacteria
Propionibacterium acnes plays an important role in the inflammation method. This bacteria thrives in blocked pores & this leads to skin inflammation.
Climate
There is a choice of factors that may contribute to or worsen acne. These factors can be environmental, physical or emotional. High levels of humidity or exposure to dirt & sweating cause the skin oily. Stress, anxiety & physical irritation caused from occlusive clothing, headbands, hats, helmets, etc.
Skin injury
Acne scars generate in areas where former cystic blemish lesions have been present; they are the result of injury to the tissue. After the infection heals the damaged tissue sometimes does not return to its former state. In case of nodular acne where a bigger infection occurs in the deeper layers of skin, there can be tissue loss & permanent scarring. Acne scars come in varieties. Atrophic, which are mostly shallow, Boxcar-shaped & Ice pick-shaped, which are narrow & deeper.
Exposing scars to the sun may cause them to darken & slow the healing method. Ultraviolet rays stimulate melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), leading to further discoloration. People with deeper skin tones may also notice darkening. So it is best to slather on a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, before heading outside. Reapply after swimming, sweating, or after over hours in the sun. Also, limit your time in the sun, between the hours of0 a.m. & p.m., & wearing protective clothing.
Picking & Squeezing leads to further inflammation & injury of the skin, which adds to the skin's discoloration & scarring. Squeezing or trying to pop a pimple causes pus & bacteria to filter deeper in to the skin, leading to more collagen damage.
Treating acne early is the best way to prevent scarring. It is important to treat active inflammation to prevent new scars.
Treatment
Person cannot catch pimples from another as they are not infectious.
The treatment depends on the severity of acne. For extreme inflammation with puss production, antibiotics are often used. Killing the bacteria that grow in the blocked follicles. This can be done by ingesting antibiotic medication, or by putting antibiotics on the skin.
Antibiotics act quickly & are a powerful way of temporarily getting rid of acne. When the body develops a resistance to the antibiotics, the bacteria returns stronger than before.
In less extreme cases, the acne treatment is usually local & involves removing the amount of oil in the skin, it can be done by taking drugs that contain Vitamin A. Removing dead skin cells can be done by an acne cream or lotion containing salicylic acid. This encourages the skin to peel away the top layer of cells.
Other acne treatments such as skin exfoliation by a peeling therapy or treatment with UV-A lamps, hot-packs are also common. For extreme acne, vitamin A derivative called a retinoid may be used. Changes in diet such as elimination of animal fats & chocolate can be effective. Lovely function of the digestive method & lovely nutrition are both important in the treatment of acne.
Self-care
Practicing lovely hygiene, including regularly washing skin areas with neutral cleansers(such as Dove, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, CeraVe, or Fundamentals), can reduce the amount of dead skin cells & other outside contaminants (dirt or make-up) on the skin that can contribute to the development of pimples.
Ought to never scratch, pick, or rub the pimples, it leads to skin infections & scarring.
Positive medicines
v Oral antibiotics (taken by mouth) such as tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, & amoxicillin.
v Topical antibiotics (applied to the skin) such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or dapsone
Creams or gels applied to the skin
v Retinoic acid cream or gel (tretinoin, Retin-A).
v Prescription formulas of benzoyl peroxide, sulfur, resorcinol, or salicylic acid.
v Topical azelaic acid.
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